LINGUISTICS - Discuss the role and status of pidgin and creole Essay

LINGUISTICS - Discuss the role and status of pidgin and creole languages in post-colonial contexts - Essay Example 8) which they master as they grow, using it as their most effective means of interacting and identifying them in many ways. For example, through language people’s nationality, profession, education, and even values can be sensed. Hence, â€Å"when we study human language, we are approaching what some might call the ‘human essence’, the distinctive qualities of mind that are, so far as we know, unique to [humans]† (Chomsky, cited in Fromkin & Rodman, 1998: 3). With language being distinct to humans, it is believed that, languages best mirror the human mind (Leibnitz, cited in Chomsky, 1986, p. 1). Thus, language study is important and fascinating, specifically the study of language acquisition. As Bloomfield (1933) said: â€Å"the acquisition of language is doubtless the greatest intellectual feat anyone of us is ever required to perform† (p. 29). If children’s effortless acquisition of first language (L1) raises many questions, the impact of L1 acquisition on second language (L2) acquisition raises more questions, especially in considering its implications on L2 teaching. LA, a field of study that has earned much attention and controversy, is used interchangeably with language learning (LL). For instance, Quine (1960) defines LA as just another term for LL, as the mental capacities used in acquiring a language are the same mental capacities used in learning a wide array of other skills. But Chomsky (1969) and Krashen (1981), in different contexts, define LA and LL as two different processes. For Chomsky, children acquire and master their L1 as they develop, yet they learn their L1 differently compared with their learning other things, like using cutlery (cited in Chapman, 2000, p. 159). While, Krashen (1981) differentiates LA and LL in the context of second language acquisition (SLA), wherein LA is the process by which children acquire their L1 and L2,

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Teenage Pregnancy - Essay Example Worldwide, rates of teenage pregnancy range from 143 per 1000 in some sub-Saharan African countries to 2.9 per 1000 in South Korea. (Treffers, 2003, UNICEF. (2001) ).Among OECD developed countries, the United States and United Kingdom have the highest level of teenage pregnancy, while Japan and South Korea have the lowest.( national master, 2008) In countries such as India the majority of teenage births occur within marriage.( Mehta, 1998, UNICEF, 2001) in developed countries this is mostly outside a marriage and is regarded to be an illegal pregnancy but in US and UK a huge number of these pregnancies though occurring at teenage are taken to term and children are delivered. Age at the first child birth is very important prognostically for a woman's gynecological history as well as other general health issues but this aspect has not been addressed the way it is needed. Most of the developing countries where early marriages are very common are the ones have a higher maternal and infan t mortality and morbidity rates due to prenatal, antenatal and postnatal complication. With pregnancy there are a number of risks associated and they all have an impact on the outcome of the pregnancy and most of those disorders like pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and low birth weight babies occur if the mother's age is less than 15 years. In UK young girls mostly have poor intake of nutritional food and they are more for putting their self on diet and for that reason their bodies are not prepared for conceiving. If we see for a woman to turn into a healthy mother she needs time to get prepared for becoming a mother and if she becomes a mother all of sudden without prepreparation she will obviously not be ready to handle the responsibilities. Pregnancy needs a close follow ups for antenatal care but if the mother is immature to the extent that she does not understand the importance f this aspect then how can a pregnancy be helped with antenatal care provision That is so important for a pregnancy to go healthy till its term. Child bearing duration of a female has a significant impact on a family's structure, economic status, health of that family, and even its particular social class and if taken at a larger scale it has a profound impact on a country's economy. If a woman starts producing children at the age of 15 she is getting 25 plus potential years to be fertile which can potentially be leading to a good number of increases in a nation's population. Pregnancy at an early age is very unhealthy in terms of its hazardous impact on the mother's and child's health, its impact on country's economy and the social issues associated to this phenomenon. Pregnancy is regarded to be a medical condition and it has to be given the due attention of a potential killer if not taken care of properly. Pregnancy is a much altered state of physiology of a woman. Pregnancy itself carried a significant risk to a mother's health whether at occurs at any age or later. However; there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under 15 and those living in developing countries. (Mayor, 2004) A pregnant mother undergoes through a transition for 40 plus weeks and then gets able to give birth to a child. During all these nine months of continues transition the first three months are very important for a few medical conditions like pregnancy induced hypertension